On two-dimensional elastic dislocations in a multilayered half-space     

Sarva Jit Singh  Nat Ram Garg 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1985,40(2):135-145

The two-dimensional problem of a long displacement dislocation in a multilayered half-space is studied. Both plane strain and antiplane strain cases are considered. The Thomson-Haskell matrix method is used to obtain the static field caused by the dislocation. The source is represented in terms of the jumps at the source level in the depth-dependent factors in the Fourier integral representation of the displacements and stresses due to the source in an infinite medium. Explicit expressions for the surface displacements due to dip-slip and strike-slip faults of arbitrary dip are obtained. The formulation developed is quite convenient for numerical computation.  相似文献   

Monitoring landuse and landcover changes using landsat images     

K. P. Sharma  S. C. Jain  P. K. Garg 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1984,12(2):65-70

It is well known that changes in landuse and landcover e.g., vegetation, forests, soils, water quality etc. have a great impact on the economic and social development of a region. In most of these cases, a knowledge of existing landuse and landcover and its rate of change is essential prior to any planning activity. Remote Sensing, particularly from a satellite platform is potentially an effective and economic means to collect the data and to monitor changes occurring in landuse categories. This paper deals with a study carried out in Dehradun - Roorkee region for preparation of the landuse and landcover maps and monitoring changes, if any, over a period of 5 years, from landsat images using Visual Interpretation Techniques..  相似文献   

Analysis of the Statistical Behaviour of Daily Maximum and Monthly Rainfall Data at New Delhi During Monsoon Period     

C. V. Singh  R. S. Adhikari  H. P. Garg 《大气科学进展》2002,19(3):425-432

1．IRt回*CtZOllIndian Summer Monsoon Varlablllty Is a muchdscussed and researched field,yet thereIs a considerable scope IOr further work and It Is understanding．The south—west monsoonwhich contributes more than 75%of the annual ra!nfa!lin a major port!on of Ind!a,Is thespring of!he nallonaleconomy．The ralnmH has Qo sustain山e Increasing needs ofagrlculturelrrlgatlon,the Increasing population and the rapid Industrlallsatlon．It Is lowever noted thatthe monsoon rainfall over differe…  相似文献   

Response of an anisotropic liquid-saturated porous medium due to two dimensional sources     

Rajneesh Kumar  Aseem Miglani  N. R. Garg 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(2):143-147

Eigenvalue approach, following Laplace and Fourier transforms, has been employed to find the general solution to the field equations in an anisotropic liquid-saturated porous medium, in the transformed domain. The results of isotropic liquid-saturated porous medium can be derived as a special case. A numerical inversion technique has been applied to get the solutions in the physical domain. To illustrate the utility of the approach, an application of infinite space with impulsive force at the origin has been considered. The results in the form of displacement and stress components have been obtained and discussed graphically for a particular model.  相似文献   

Loktak notified Wetland ecosystem and its catchment     

N Randhir Singh  N S Singh  J K Garg  T V R Murthy 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2000,28(2-3):159-169

Conservation of wetland is considered paramount in view of its ecological significance. The availability of reliable and up-to-date data on seasonal water spread, tropic state of wetland and bio-physical parameters besides the landuse/cover of the catchment area is a prerequisite for ‘wise use’ of any wetland ecosystem. The present study is carried out to identify the above parameters of Loktak notified wetland through visual interpretation of 1RS IA/IB LISS II FCC of 1990 and 1994/95. It indicates that the water spread of the lake is showing a declining trend and an increasing trend for aquatic vegetation. In 1990 post-monsoon data water spread was 15441 ha which become 11166 ha in October 1994. The extent of water spread further decreases by pre-monsoon season and was found to be 7875 ha in the IRS LISS II data of March 1995. Like-wise area under aquatic vegetation and associated marshy/ swamps was 10499 ha in October 1990 and 13506 ha in October 1994. Catchment of Loktak lake (104872 ha) is highly degraded and forest covers only 7205 ha area. Agriculture is the main land use (35576 ha) in the catchment and substantial area is also under land with or without scrub. Thus, there is a need to rehabilitate the catchment by way of planting trees for reducing silt load in the Loktak lake and ensuring its ‘wise use’.  相似文献   

Photochemical production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from natural organic matter     

Shikha Garg  T. David Waite 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(15):4310-10393

  相似文献   

Two-Micron All-Sky Survey J01542930+0053266: a new eclipsing M dwarf binary system     

A. C. Becker  E. Agol  N. M. Silvestri  J. J. Bochanski  C. Laws  A. A. West  G. Basri  V. Belokurov  D. M. Bramich  J. M. Carpenter  P. Challis  K. R. Covey  R. M. Cutri  N. W. Evans  M. Fellhauer  A. Garg  G. Gilmore  P. Hewett  P. Plavchan  D. P. Schneider  C. L. Slesnick  S. Vidrih  L. M. Walkowicz  D. B. Zucker 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(1):416-424

We report on Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) J01542930+0053266, a faint eclipsing system composed of two M dwarfs. The variability of this system was originally discovered during a pilot study of the 2MASS Calibration Point Source Working Data base. Additional photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey yields an eight-passband light curve from which we derive an orbital period of  2.639 0157 ± 0.000 0016  d. Spectroscopic followup confirms our photometric classification of the system, which is likely composed of M0 and M1 dwarfs. Radial velocity measurements allow us to derive the masses  (M₁= 0.66 ± 0.03 M_⊙; M₂= 0.62 ± 0.03 M_⊙)  and radii  (R₁= 0.64 ± 0.08 R_⊙; R₂= 0.61 ± 0.09 R_⊙)  of the components, which are consistent with empirical mass–radius relationships for low-mass stars in binary systems. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the light curves which allow us to uncover complicated degeneracies between the system parameters. Both stars show evidence of Hα emission, something not common in early-type M dwarfs. This suggests that binarity may influence the magnetic activity properties of low-mass stars; activity in the binary may persist long after the dynamos in their isolated counterparts have decayed, yielding a new potential foreground of flaring activity for next generation variability surveys.  相似文献   

Analysis of annual cyclic variations in total ozone column over Indian region     

Ankit Tandon  Shweta Yadav  Arun K. Attri 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2012,69(4):321-335

Annual Cyclic Variations (ACV) in the Total Ozone Column (TOC) were estimated in latitudinally averaged Multi Sensor Reanalysis (MSR) monthly mean TOC time-series data-set from Jan 1979 to Dec 2008 for Indian region. The TOC contents over any latitude is controlled by the photochemistry and dynamics present in different regions of the stratosphere and troposphere, correlation between ACV in TOC, and ACV in other climatic and dynamical factors—(i) Solar Insolation on a horizontal surface at the top of the atmosphere (ETSI); (ii) Zonal Wind at 30 hPa pressure level (ZW); (iii) Meridional Wind at 30 hPa pressure level (MW); and (iv) Air Temperature at 30 hPa pressure level (AT)—were taken into account to understand their role in the annual cyclic variability present in the TOC over Indian region. Contributions of ACV present in these climatic and dynamical factors to the ACV in TOC were ascertained by performing a multiple linear regression analysis by taking ACV in ETSI, ACV in ZW and ACV in AT as independent variables (co-variates) for ACV in TOC. It is concluded that in the tropical part of Indian region ACV in TOC is largely controlled by the photochemistry; whereas in the subtropical part of the region, the dynamics present in the stratosphere mainly decides ACV in TOC.  相似文献   

Stochastic modelling of relative water permeability in vegetative soils with implications on stability of bioengineered slope     

Shivam?Raj?Singh  Atma?Prakash  Budhaditya?Hazra  Ajit?Sarmah  Ankit?Garg  Hong-Hu?ZhuEmail author 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(12):3541-3559

Vegetation is known to influence the hydrological state variables, suction \( \left( \psi \right) \) and volumetric water content (\( \theta_{w} \)) of soil. In addition, vegetation induces heterogeneity in the soil porous structure and consequently the relative permeability (\( k_{r} \)) of water under unsaturated conditions. The indirect method of utilising the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is commonly adopted for the determination of \( k_{r} \). In such cases, it is essential to address the stochastic behaviour of SWCC, in order to conduct a robust analysis on the \( k_{r} \) of vegetative cover. The main aim of this study is to address the uncertainties associated with \( k_{r} \), using probabilistic analysis, for vegetative covers (i.e., grass and tree species) with bare cover as control treatment. We propose two approaches to accomplish the aforesaid objective. The univariate suction approach predicts the probability distribution functions of \( {\text{k}}_{\text{r}} \), on the basis of identified best probability distribution of suction. The bivariate suction and water content approach deals with the bivariate modelling of the water content and suction (SWCC), in order to capture the randomness in the permeability curves, due to presence of vegetation. For this purpose, the dependence structure of \( \psi \) and \( \theta_{w} \) is established via copula theory, and the \( k_{r} \) curves are predicted with respect to varying levels of \( \psi - \theta_{w} \) correlation. The results showed that the \( k_{r} \) of vegetative covers is substantially lower than that in bare covers. The reduction in \( k_{r} \) with drying is more in tree cover than grassed cover, since tree roots induce higher levels of suction. Moreover, the air entry value of the soil depends on the magnitude of \( \psi - \theta_{w} \) correlation, which in turn, is influenced by the type of vegetation in the soil. \( k_{r} \) is found to be highly uncertain in the desaturation zone of the relative permeability curve. The stochastic behaviour of \( k_{r} \) is found to be most significant in tree covers. Finally, a simplified case study is also presented in order to demonstrate the impact of the uncertainty in \( k_{r} \), on the stability of vegetates slopes. With an increment in the parameter \( \alpha \), factor of safety (FS) is found to decrease. The trend of FS is reverse of this with parameter \( n \). Overall FS is found to vary around 4–5%, for both bare and vegetative slopes.  相似文献   

Investigating plant root effects on soil electrical conductivity: An integrated field monitoring and statistical modelling approach     

Jun-Jun Ni  Yi-Feng Cheng  Sanandam Bordoloi  Himashree Bora  Qin-Hua Wang  Charles-Wang-Wai Ng  Ankit Garg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(3):825-839

Plants have been shown to affect soil water content and temperature. Previous studies were conducted mainly in forestry and agricultural soils, where conditions of soil and vegetation are different from those in an urban landscape. In an urban landscape, the influence of plant roots on electrical conductivity, soil water content and temperature is still not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of soil water content and temperature on electrical conductivity in vegetated soils through an integrated field monitoring and computational modelling approach. A new relationship between soil electrical conductivity and water content as well as temperature is proposed. Field monitoring was conducted in both vegetated (tree species) and bare soils. The monitoring included measurements of soil water content, soil temperature and soil electrical conductivity. This was followed by response surface regression modelling. Measured results show that soil temperature at shallow depths was lower in vegetated soil than that in the bare soil. This observation was also consistent with the higher soil water content and hence, higher electrical conductivity under tree canopy. The model developed could predict nonlinear relationships between electrical conductivity and soil temperature and water content. Uncertainty analysis indicated normal distribution for electrical conductivity under variation of soil temperature and water content. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献